
#Author #Languages Not sure why languages haven't stuck for you? Take a free 2-minute language-mindset quiz at https://xitter.gq/t.co/gMbvC34L3E
England, United Kingdom
Joined October 2012
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You tried your hardest at a language and you still don't know why it never stuck. Join the club — most of us are in the same boat. Want to laugh about it? Cry about it? Welcome to the Dead Linguists Society: language-mindset-quiz.netlif… — 2 minutes. Can't promise fluency. I can promise a sob or a guffaw.
Ryan Doherty retweeted
Replying to @RyanDoherty
My granny used to say For every old sock there's a shoe...
English says "there's someone for everyone". Greek says there is a lid for every pot, and frankly I find that more reassuring.
Grammar tangent, round two: German "der See" is a lake, "die See" is the sea — swap one gender for the other and you’ve quietly moved several hundred miles inland or out. And "das Mädchen" (girl) is neuter, not feminine — nothing to do with actual girls, it’s just that any word ending in the diminutive "-chen" is automatically neuter, no exceptions, ever. Even "das Bübchen" — little boy — is neuter. German gender doesn’t care what you are. It cares what letters you end in.
German has a phrase for the actual root of a problem: "da liegt der Hund begraben" — that’s where the dog is buried. Nobody knows why a dog. Nobody asks why buried. Somewhere in Germany’s past, a dog died, and an entire nation decided that was the metaphor.
Italian for good luck: "in bocca al lupo" — into the wolf’s mouth. The correct reply isn’t "thanks," it’s "crepi il lupo" — may the wolf die. Saying thank you is considered bad luck. Which is somehow the most Italian rule I’ve ever heard: the polite response is a death threat to a wolf.
Grammar tangent: "el mar" is the sea in every dictionary, but sailors and poets both quietly switch to "la mar" instead — same sea, same word, just softer somehow. And when two people finally bury an old argument, Spanish says "echar pelillos a la mar" — throw little hairs into the sea. Comes from an actual kids’ ritual: pull out a hair, pinch it, blow it away, say the phrase, argument over. Grown adults still say this. I love that we never fully stop being children about our own feelings.
Ryan Doherty retweeted
Having spent a long time watching Elon Musk, and having talked with him, I believe I understand what he understood before almost anyone else. And it's something every one of us needs to understand now.
Western civilization is not one civilization among many. It is the one that gave the world freedom of thought, modern science and the dignity of the individual. And it is under attack. Not by peoples, but by ideologies that want it dead.
If it dies, the world will not become more just. It will become poorer, more brutal and darker. For everyone, including those who hate it.
Why? Because civilizations are not interchangeable. We were told that any culture could be blended with any other, like mixing colors, and that the result would always be harmonious. It isn't true. A society where women are equal to men cannot coexist without friction with a worldview in which a woman's testimony is worth half a man's. A society where you can criticize God, change your religion or have none cannot absorb, without fracturing, a worldview in which apostasy is paid for with your life.
Every people has its own genius and moves at its own pace. But not all values are equal, and you cannot build a nation on laws that contradict each other. Saying so is not racist. Racism is about blood. I am talking about laws, customs and values. And those values belong to no race: a Japanese, a Senegalese or an Iranian can make them his own, and millions have. That is exactly why they are worth defending.
Let's remember where they come from.
It all begins in Greece. In Athens, for the first time, men decide that truth does not descend from a throne but is sought through reason, and that a city governs itself through debate. Socrates chooses death rather than give up thinking freely. At Salamis, a handful of free cities stops the greatest empire in the world.
Then comes Rome. Rome invents law that binds everyone, the citizen who holds rights, the Republic. And one immense idea: you can become Roman without being born Roman. You become Roman by adopting its laws.
Christianity adds the most revolutionary idea in history: every human being, slave and emperor alike, has infinite worth.
Then France. The cathedrals, those ships of stone our ancestors built over centuries for descendants they would never see. Descartes, Pascal, Voltaire. The Declaration of the Rights of Man. And Napoleon, who gives France the Civil Code, the lycées, and one simple principle: careers open to talent. Murat, the son of an innkeeper, ends up a Marshal of the Empire and King of Naples. The Civil Code spreads across much of Europe and still shapes the law of dozens of countries today.
And this civilization goes on to abolish slavery, which had been practiced on every continent since the dawn of time, to push back the plague, smallpox and the night itself, and to set foot on the Moon.
Peoples of the West, be proud of this history. Proud does not mean blind. Every civilization has committed crimes: conquest, slavery, war. Ours is the one that went furthest in examining its own faults, to the point of abolishing what it had once practiced. This capacity to question itself is its greatest strength. And that is exactly the strength now being turned against it.
Because for decades, this magnificent system has been getting hacked. Not by an army. By an alliance of two forces that have nothing in common except one enemy: us.
The first is communism. It lost the economic war, lost the Cold War, lost history's verdict with its tens of millions of dead. But it never lost the universities. It survived by changing costumes: class struggle became the struggle of the oppressed against their oppressors, and the West was declared guilty of everything. It taught our children to be ashamed of their ancestors, their borders and their culture. It is the root cause, because before you can bring down a civilization, you have to take away its will to defend itself.
The second is political Islam. I am not talking about Muslims, many of whom came here precisely to escape this ideology and are its first victims. I am talking about a political project that wants to place religious law above civil law. It has no doubts. It feels no shame. It rushes into the void the first one dug.
One disarms. The other advances.
And let no one on the left believe they will stay in control. History has already staged this play. In 1978, Michel Foucault was enthusing over the Iranian revolution. Iran's communist party, the Tudeh, backed Khomeini and called on Iranians to vote for his Islamic constitution. By 1983, its leaders had been arrested, the party banned, and its chiefs paraded on television to confess their “crimes.” In 1988, thousands of political prisoners were executed, communist activists among them. The second always ends up devouring the first. Useful idiots are only useful for a while.
So here is my call to every Western people. To the French, the Italians, the Poles, the Germans, the Spanish, the Americans, to all of you.
We are at a turning point. What we do in the next ten years will decide what our grandchildren are allowed to say, believe, write and love.
I am not asking you to die for the West. I am asking you for something harder: to live for it.
Learn its history and pass it on. Have children. Speak without fear, even when they call you every name in the book. Vote, get involved, run for office. Build companies, schools, factories, families. Refuse the shame they are trying to inject into you. And stop surrendering anything that makes us who we are: freedom of thought, equality before the law, the dignity of every person.
The historian Arnold Toynbee understood it: civilizations are not murdered, they commit suicide. And those who think they can let the West fall without paying the price should remember the Iranian communists. They helped tear down what they despised, and then they were next.
The Greeks at Salamis were outnumbered. They won because they knew what they were defending. We are the heirs of Athens, Rome, Notre-Dame and the Civil Code. It is no accident that the rockets that will carry humanity to Mars are being built in a free civilization.
It is time to prove ourselves worthy of what we were given.
The West is worth defending. And no one will defend it for us.
🤖 Made with AI
Portuguese "cara de pau" — wooden face, for someone shameless enough to ask you for a favour after doing you dirty. Face carved from a plank. Nothing gets through.
Happy Halloween, which is secretly a word about holiness. It’s "All Hallows’ Eve" — "hallow" being an old word for a saint, from Old English "hālga," the holy one. Scots squashed "even" (evening) into "e’en," and Robert Burns’ 1785 poem helped fix the spelling. "Hallow" is a cousin of "holy," "whole," "hale" and German "Heilige." The spookiest night of the year is named after the saints.
My book’s whole argument in one sentence: the fastest way to learn a language is to be embarrassingly, repeatedly wrong in front of strangers. Nobody puts that on a poster, but it’s the actual method, and it’s the only one that’s ever worked for me.
Spanish "tomar el pelo" — to take someone’s hair, meaning to wind them up. English settles for pulling your leg. Spanish goes for the hair. Neither language has ever explained what the victim did to deserve it.
Grammar lesson nobody asked for: English used to capitalise its nouns, exactly like German still does. The Declaration of Independence is full of it — "Laws of Nature," "Standing Armies," "Safety and Happiness." Printers picked the habit up from the continent after 1660, then once it became automatic, writers lost the knack of capitalising a word for emphasis, and by about 1800 it had mostly died out. German never gave it up. English just got tired and went lowercase, like it does with most things.
Polish "mieć muchy w nosie" — to have flies in your nose, meaning you’re in a foul mood. Everyone knows exactly what it means. Nobody has ever once asked how the flies got up there.
French "coûter les yeux de la tête" — to cost the eyes of the head. English charges an arm and a leg and calls it a day. French goes straight for the eyes, which feels like a more honest description of a restaurant bill.
German "die Katze im Sack kaufen" — buying the cat in the sack, our "pig in a poke." Every language apparently has a scam-animal-in-a-bag idiom. Never found out why. Some mysteries aren’t for solving.
Spanish "no hay mal que por bien no venga" — there’s no bad from which good doesn’t come. Same sentiment as English’s "silver lining," but Spanish makes it sound like a proverb your grandmother would embroider on a cushion and mean it.
Ryan Doherty retweeted
I cannot tell you how popular this policy is becoming with normal everyday people
When you explain to them they are being given a legitimate chance to put in prison the politicians who have done this to our country they are genuinely hopeful for the future
It's amazing
Ryan Doherty retweeted
THIS IS BIG!
The Cancer Cells That Changed Their Minds
A KAIST team just reversed cancer without killing a single cell — and the method may matter more than the result.
For a century, oncology has had exactly one strategy: find the cancer and destroy it.
Chemotherapy poisons it. Radiation burns it. Surgery cuts it out. Immunotherapy teaches the body to hunt it. Every weapon differs in precision, but not in philosophy. The tumor is an enemy. You win by killing.
Now a team at South Korea's KAIST has proposed a heresy: *what if the tumor doesn't need to die?*
In a study led by Professor Kwang-Hyun Cho of the Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, published in Advanced Science ("Control of Cellular Differentiation Trajectories for Cancer Reversion," DOI 10.1002/advs.202402132), researchers took colon cancer cells and — without poisoning, irradiating, or cutting them — turned them back into normal cells.
Not dead. Not damaged. Just normal again.
The tumors, grown in mice, shrank dramatically. The surrounding tissue was left intact, because there was never an attack to survive.
This is early research — cell lines and animal models, no human trials, real obstacles still unsolved. But the conceptual break is the story. For the first time, cancer treatment has a second verb. Not just destroy. Also: convert.
The digital twin of a cell
The KAIST team's insight begins with a redefinition of what cancer is.
The conventional view treats cancer as a pile of broken machinery: mutations accumulate, checkpoints fail, cells proliferate. Cho's group looked at the same evidence and saw something different — a trajectory. During oncogenesis, they observed, normal cells don't just break. They regress, sliding backward along the differentiation path they followed when they matured. A colon cell becomes, in effect, a confused stem cell: immature, proliferative, lost.
If cancer is a wrong turn on a developmental road, then the treatment question changes. You don't blow up the road. You build a map and find the turn.
That map is what the team calls a digital twin — a complete computational model of the gene network governing a cell's differentiation. Using data from 4,252 intestinal cells, they reconstructed a network of 522 interacting components, capturing how genes regulate one another as a cell matures or degrades.
Then they did the audacious thing: they asked the simulation which levers, flipped together, would push a cancer cell back down the road toward normalcy.
The answer came through a system they built called BENEIN (Boolean Network Inference and Control), which models gene interactions as logical relationships and systematically tests which interventions redirect the network's state. The simulation pointed to three master regulators — the genes MYB, HDAC2, and FOXA2 — acting together as the switch that holds the cancerous state in place.
Turn all three off simultaneously, the model predicted, and the cell would stop proliferating and differentiate into something resembling a normal intestinal cell.
They tested it, and it worked.
In three colon cancer cell lines, suppressing MYB, HDAC2, and FOXA2 together strongly induced differentiation into normal-like cells. The cancer cells began expressing markers of healthy intestinal tissue. Proliferation collapsed — not because the cells died, but because they grew up.
In animal models, tumors formed from the reprogrammed cells were dramatically smaller than controls, and under the microscope they looked far more like normal tissue. The signature achievement, and the one that would matter most to any patient reading this: there was no collateral damage. Nothing was poisoned, burned, or irradiated. The healthy tissue never came under fire, because there was no fire.
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Readers added context they thought people might want to know
The KAIST 2024 study showed that inhibiting MYB, HDAC2 and FOXA2 induced differentiation in colon cancer cells to a normal-like state in cell and mouse experiments. No human trials have been done. The before-and-after scan is not from this research.
doi.org/10.1002/advs.2… eurekalert.org/news-releases/…








