
Cracking the code of Solana DeFi — @kamino
Paris, France
Joined April 2021
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Solar ☀️ retweeted
META is now trading on Phoenix
METADAO perpetuals are first on Phoenix.
@MetaDAOProject runs fundraising and governance on Solana through futarchy. Proposals pass or fail on market prices, not token votes.
phoenix.trade/METADAO
Solar ☀️ retweeted
You may know that Kamino just brought on a fintech/Wall Street veteran as CEO. You may even know that Michael Weisz founded Yieldstreet, an early fintech winner, but you have no idea just how good he is until you spend an hour listening to him speak.
Solar ☀️ retweeted
Loop it on Kamino (soon)
Just opened a 6-figure position in $eHYUSD (@hylo_so's yield-bearing asset)
20%+ APY, and imo the best risk/reward on @solana right now.
I spent hours reading the docs & talking to the team to understand the yield and what could go wrong.
Here are my personal notes ⤵️
1) Quick recap about Hylo
Hylo is best known for its leveraged tokens: xSOL, xHYPE and xBTC.
They give you roughly 2–3x exposure without liquidations. So if SOL goes up 10%, xSOL would gain around 20–30%, depending on its leverage at the time.
That works both ways: losses are amplified too.
2) What's $eHYUSD and where does the yield come from?
You can stake hyUSD, Hylo's stablecoin, and receive eHYUSD to earn a share of the yield generated by the protocol basically:
• xSOL holders give up the staking rewards on the SOL backing their positions in exchange for leverage.
• xBTC and xHYPE holders pay borrow charges for theirs.
• xSOL holders might also pay extra borrow charges, specifically when liquidity is needed (which is the case right now)
Those revenues are shared with eHYUSD holders and compound automatically.
3) APY was around 9%, why has it recently jumped to 20%+?
As SOL and BTC went up, xSOL and xBTC holders made money, but the leverage on their positions came down.
They're now at 2.20x and 2.48x, both below Hylo's 2.54x lower boundary.
To bring that leverage back up, Hylo needs to buy more SOL and BTC, which means attracting more stablecoin deposits.
So holders pay more for their leverage, and part of that goes to eHYUSD holders.
For example, xSOL holders currently pay ~5% in borrow charges while also giving up the staking yield on the SOL behind their positions.
Those staking rewards and extra borrow charges flow into the Earn Pool alongside revenue from the other markets, bringing the yield we receive on eHYUSD to ~21% APY.
Once leverage is back in range, those extra charges come down. I'd expect APY to move closer to 10–15%, depending on deposits and market conditions.
4) What could go wrong?
In V1, the Stability Pool could convert your hyUSD into xSOL during a selloff, leaving you exposed to further SOL losses.
V2 instead starts selling collateral into USDC when leverage goes above ~3.86x, reducing exposure as the market falls.
But if prices crash faster than the protocol can rebalance and a pool becomes under collateralized, the Earn Pool can be used to cover the shortfall.
That means losing part of your deposit, even if hyUSD keeps its peg.
There are also smart contract and oracle risks of course.
5) What to do with your $eHYUSD?
- Hold it in your wallet and let the yield compound. $eHYUSD started at $1 and is now worth ~$1.48 as interest has built up.
- Explore tranching markets on @ExponentFinance. I put a small amount into jrEHYUSD, currently yielding ~28%, but it takes losses first if eHYUSD drops, so the downside is much bigger too.
- Loop it on @kamino (soon).
Let me know if you have any questions, I'll be more than happy to answer
Note: I'm a seed investor in @hylo_so
Great read!
Just opened a 6-figure position in $eHYUSD (@hylo_so's yield-bearing asset)
20%+ APY, and imo the best risk/reward on @solana right now.
I spent hours reading the docs & talking to the team to understand the yield and what could go wrong.
Here are my personal notes ⤵️
1) Quick recap about Hylo
Hylo is best known for its leveraged tokens: xSOL, xHYPE and xBTC.
They give you roughly 2–3x exposure without liquidations. So if SOL goes up 10%, xSOL would gain around 20–30%, depending on its leverage at the time.
That works both ways: losses are amplified too.
2) What's $eHYUSD and where does the yield come from?
You can stake hyUSD, Hylo's stablecoin, and receive eHYUSD to earn a share of the yield generated by the protocol basically:
• xSOL holders give up the staking rewards on the SOL backing their positions in exchange for leverage.
• xBTC and xHYPE holders pay borrow charges for theirs.
• xSOL holders might also pay extra borrow charges, specifically when liquidity is needed (which is the case right now)
Those revenues are shared with eHYUSD holders and compound automatically.
3) APY was around 9%, why has it recently jumped to 20%+?
As SOL and BTC went up, xSOL and xBTC holders made money, but the leverage on their positions came down.
They're now at 2.20x and 2.48x, both below Hylo's 2.54x lower boundary.
To bring that leverage back up, Hylo needs to buy more SOL and BTC, which means attracting more stablecoin deposits.
So holders pay more for their leverage, and part of that goes to eHYUSD holders.
For example, xSOL holders currently pay ~5% in borrow charges while also giving up the staking yield on the SOL behind their positions.
Those staking rewards and extra borrow charges flow into the Earn Pool alongside revenue from the other markets, bringing the yield we receive on eHYUSD to ~21% APY.
Once leverage is back in range, those extra charges come down. I'd expect APY to move closer to 10–15%, depending on deposits and market conditions.
4) What could go wrong?
In V1, the Stability Pool could convert your hyUSD into xSOL during a selloff, leaving you exposed to further SOL losses.
V2 instead starts selling collateral into USDC when leverage goes above ~3.86x, reducing exposure as the market falls.
But if prices crash faster than the protocol can rebalance and a pool becomes under collateralized, the Earn Pool can be used to cover the shortfall.
That means losing part of your deposit, even if hyUSD keeps its peg.
There are also smart contract and oracle risks of course.
5) What to do with your $eHYUSD?
- Hold it in your wallet and let the yield compound. $eHYUSD started at $1 and is now worth ~$1.48 as interest has built up.
- Explore tranching markets on @ExponentFinance. I put a small amount into jrEHYUSD, currently yielding ~28%, but it takes losses first if eHYUSD drops, so the downside is much bigger too.
- Loop it on @kamino (soon).
Let me know if you have any questions, I'll be more than happy to answer
Note: I'm a seed investor in @hylo_so
Solar ☀️ retweeted
Kamino will be one of the big winners in tokenized equities - not only this year (already a winner on core KPIs) but over the next 3 / 5 / 10 years.
You don't believe me yet (based on price) so I am posting this to QT it when you do.
Solar ☀️ retweeted
$ONyc takes the top spot on Kamino Swap
The @onrefinance market just passed $300M, now the largest isolated RWA market on Solana
ZEC, HYPE & PUMP complete the top 5, all having their own markets, and usable as collateral
Trade all five with Zero fees and Zero route bias
Introducing xStocks Vaults on @krakenfx, powered by Kamino, @veda_labs, and @SentoraHQ.
Holders can now deposit their xStocks into vaults on Kraken and earn yield denominated directly in that asset, growing their exposure over time.
Now live for SPYx, QQQx, and NVDAx, powered by @chainlink CCIP & Data Streams.
There has been an insane amount of growth for $ZEC on Solana.
Total 7-day volume: $518.5M
Current holder count: 68,300+ holders
Total onchain market liquidity: ~$11M
And now you can put it to work on the largest credit market on Solana.
Access ZEC-backed credit on Solana.
The ZCASH Market on Kamino has grown to over $2M, giving ZEC holders access to USDC liquidity against $ZEC in a fully isolated market curated by @AllezLabs.
Solar ☀️ retweeted
When designing a fixed rates product for on chain finance, two initial questions you need to ask are:
1. Why none of the existing fixed rates product currently work?
2. Inversely: what makes floating rate work?
The answers are:
* Lenders do not want the extra decision complexity or management overhead - which is the same reason why one-click earn programs will remain popular
* Lenders want immediate liquidity aka no or little duration - they don’t want to be trapped for 6 months - which is why the pooled utilisation model works - the unutilised funds are immediate exit liquidity
—
What solves this duration / liquidity / management complexity is the simple interface of a vault for the lenders.
Curators will absorb all the fixed rates decisions and mix durations to give as much of the instant liquidity experience of open-term lending.
And they should get paid for it.
—
(some of the existing models are outright flawed with no liquidation mechanism or 1d long fixed term, that are not even worth discussing - this is obviously a complex product so no wonder nobody got it right yet and many had such bad takes on it)
Introducing Kamino Fixed Rates
The definitive architecture for fixed-term, fixed-rate credit on-chain. Now live in private beta. Public launch in Q3 2026
Read the light paper: kamino.com/fixed-rates-light…
Solar ☀️ retweeted
The Institutional vault will keep growing because it achieves a very fine balance of risk and reward:
* Mostly off chain so the negative discount usually applied to on chain stuff goes down significantly
* Mostly delta neutral: the loan is collateralised by escrowed cash waiting for trade delivery, on an already insured deal
* Mostly liquid: 10% on chain liquidity sleeve with the rest of the funds locked in 3m long deals.
You get paid ~7.5% to take on, what in my opinion is, good risk.
Also, an extremely cool thing that was shipped with this vault is the Withdrawal queue that is FIFO ordered - essentially if there is no exit liquidity, you can submit a ticket and you will be filled the moment some appears, automatically, without having to come and check daily.
Solar ☀️ retweeted
Titan Pro is coming
Trading on @solana should feel like trading on a CEX. Spot execution is already there when routing via aggregators like @Titan_Exchange, but there is still a UI gap
Titan Pro bridges that gap so it feels like you are trading on Binance while on chain
Reply/dm for early testing access!
Institutional Commodity Yield brings one of the world's largest institutional credit markets on-chain.
Commodity traders require short-term working capital to move physical goods through global supply chains.
Before financing is provided, the purchase and onward sale are already agreed at fixed prices. Both contracts are signed at fixed prices before financing is provided, so the trade is structured around the trader's commercial margin from the outset; the trader still needs capital to fund the purchase and complete the transaction.
Institutional Commodity Yield provides that financing through commodity loans structured to be fully collateralized. As the trade settles, the borrower is contracted to repay the loan plus interest; the trader realizes the commercial profit, while the interest accrues to the vault as yield.
As loans mature, principal is redeployed into new qualifying loans, creating a rolling cycle of financing backed by recurring demand for commodity trade.
Solar ☀️ retweeted
I want to work at MetaDAO
It's the only opportunity I see in this industry, this cycle, that has a 100x outcome
I will be working at MetaDAO in a year
Solar ☀️ retweeted
On chain infra, off chain yield.
Most funds sit off chain, in custody, while only the liquidity sleeve stays on chain on the same Kamino smart contracts.
Yield backed by commodities trade financing, earning around 8% with capacity to grow to 9 fig without yield dilution.
Where the yield comes from: funds are lent to commodity traders to finance fully collateralized, insured commodity trades (e.g. buying physical copper), typically with 1:1 cash held in escrow, and repaid with interest once the buyer accepts delivery and settles.
This is brand new for Solana, DeFi, and unique in its risk profile.
Dig into the docs, shoot me a DM if questions.

























