Ron Williams

This is what is coming to probably all small scale green renewable grid connected electricity producers the world over. It happened to me after 30 years, and now the British Columbia Gov't is threatening me with trespass and seizing my assets. thenarwhal.ca/why-mom-and-po…

Blockchain's are like yesterday's newspaper. Once published no one can ever go back and change what was written or recorded. This has massive ramifications for preserving truths & facts eternally as originally intended without prejudice of any kind.

Ask Grok • Does atmospheric pressure change during an ice age when global ocean levels are 400 feet lower than now? Yes, atmospheric pressure would change during an ice age when global ocean levels are 400 feet (about 120 meters) lower than today, but the shift is subtle and depends on multiple factors. Here’s how it works: During an ice age, like the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) around 26,000–19,000 years ago, sea levels dropped roughly 120 meters as massive ice sheets locked up water—about 3% of Earth’s total water volume shifted from oceans to ice. This doesn’t directly alter the total mass of the atmosphere (gases like nitrogen and oxygen stay constant), but it redistributes atmospheric pressure due to changes in elevation, temperature, and air density. Elevation Effect: A 120-meter drop in sea level means land surfaces, on average, sit higher relative to the new sea level. Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude—roughly 1 hPa (hectopascal) per 8 meters near sea level. So, at 120 meters higher, pressure drops by about 15 hPa from today’s average of 1013 hPa at sea level, landing around 998 hPa. That’s a 1.5% decrease, noticeable but not drastic. However, this assumes a uniform shift, which isn’t realistic—coastal areas drop more than inland plateaus, so the global average change is smaller. Temperature and Density: Ice ages are cold—global temperatures during the LGM were 5–6°C lower than today (per NOAA data). Colder air is denser, increasing pressure locally. At -6°C, air density rises by about 2% (using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT), nudging pressure up slightly—maybe 20 hPa if all else stays constant. But it’s not uniform: polar regions cool more than tropics, and ice sheets (some 3–4 km thick) displace air downward, amplifying pressure beneath them while reducing it elsewhere. Ice Mass Load: Those ice sheets—covering North America, Europe, and Asia—add weight to the crust, displacing air. A 1-km-thick ice sheet increases local surface pressure by about 90 hPa (density of ice ~917 kg/m³, gravitational effect), but this is regional. Globally, the atmosphere adjusts, spreading this effect thin. The net impact on mean sea-level pressure (adjusted to the new, lower sea level) is estimated at a 5–10 hPa increase, per paleoclimate models like PMIP (Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project). Water Vapor: With oceans 400 feet lower, evaporation drops, and colder air holds less moisture—water vapor fell 10–20% during the LGM (per ice core data). Since water vapor is lighter than dry air, less of it means denser air overall, slightly boosting pressure (maybe 1–2 hPa globally). This counters the elevation effect to some degree. Putting it together: Studies like Waelbroeck et al. (2002) and Clark et al. (2009) on sea-level reconstructions suggest a global mean sea-level pressure increase of 3–10 hPa during the LGM, despite lower sea levels. For a 120-meter drop today, models (e.g., NCAR’s Community Climate System Model) predict a similar range—say, 1008 hPa at the old sea level rising to 1016–1023 hPa when adjusted to the new baseline. The elevation decrease is outweighed by colder, denser air and ice loading. So, yes, pressure changes—likely rising a bit globally (0.3–1%)—but it’s not a game-changer. You’d feel it more near ice sheets than in exposed tropics. No X posts or web hits from March 2025 shift this science—it’s rooted in physics and paleodata.

A space elevator to LEO orbit would be feasible if it were continuously thrusted with 24/7 jet engines and hundreds of rockets, fuelled from🌎 and holding up the giant carbon fibre structure to space where atop was an electromagnetic rail gun launcher and a large spinning Hotel.

Some real interesting tweets on here are well done ads. Just saw a robotic truck that is able to repair potholes in five min. Make separate section for ads and will probably be the most viewed. Figure out passive searchable advertising that is sought out and will be a +$$ winner.

Learning one thing from a terribly cold winter start is that we really need a newly invented 10 kW micro turbine generator that runs at ~60% efficiency to generate a Level 2 Charger current that provides electricity and thermal cabin/battery heat to charge the pure EV on the fly.