StudyXing Medicine

Plantar plate failure (attenuation or tear of lesser metatarsophalangeal joint plantar plate) - MCC lesser MTP instability and forefoot pain; Plantar plate is immediately adjacent to common digital nerve, and plantar plate synovitis/effusion can compress or inflame nerve

Banti's syndrome (non-cirrhotic portal HTN) - s/s: splenomegaly, hypersplenism, liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, pancytopenia, esophagus or stomach varices, hematemesis, melena, ascites; Assoc: Chronic infect (Hep B, malaria), blood clot abnormalities, toxic exposures (arsenic)

Hereditary angioedema: autosomal-dominant; Random, recurrent, potentially fatal swelling in GI tract, upper airway & skin; Path: low or impaired C1 inhibitor function --> dysregulated plasma kallikrein --> excess bradykinin production --> ↑ vascular permeability + swelling

Bruising around umbilicus = Cullen's sign (periumbilical ecchymosis); An indicator of intra-peritoneal or retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Blood tracks along falciform and gastrohepatic ligaments to pool and discolor the subcutaneous tissue; MCC:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) = autologous blood-plasma + supraphysiologic concentration of platelets; On activation (exposure to collagen or activator CaCl or thrombin), platelets degranulate / release growth factors + cytokines - PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, IGF-1, FGF, EGF

Dengue = MC arboviral dz global, caused by any of 4 antigenically distinct serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1 to DENV-4), a single-stranded RNA flavivirus, transmitted by daytime-biting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes; Endemic across tropical and subtropical regions

Beta-thalassemia minor (β-thalassemia trait) = asymptomatic heterozygous carrier state for β-globin gene mutation --> relative α/β-globin chain imbalance; s/s: microcytic anemia, NL-to-high RBC count, elevated HbA2, no response to iron, microcytosis, hypochromia, MCV <79 fL

Naegleria fowleri, free-living amoeba (a protozoan parasite), causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), rapidly fatal CNS infection

Multiple Myeloma s/s: Bone/back pain, fatigue/generalized weakness, bone/osteolytic involvement, anemia, weight loss, kidney failure (Cr >2 mg/dL), hypercalcemia (Ca++ >11.5 mg/dL); "CRAB" --> Calcium elevation, Renal failure, Anemia, Bone damage

Aschoff bodies are specific for post-rheumatic carditis.