Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile picture

Cody Bennett

@CodyBennett

@pmndrs, @threejs | Mathematician, Physicist | Graphics, Games, Cats

 New York City
codyb.co
Joined April 2021
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Photo by Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)Photo by Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)Photo by Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)Photo by Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)Photo by Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)Photo by Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)Photo by Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)Photo by Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)Photo by Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)Photo by Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Much improved raytracing accuracy, with less over occlusion in background features, and more even ambient occlusion along the far walls. Some depth upscaling failures left for large depth discontinuities and disocclusion.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettNov 6
More WIP. Radiance Cascades computing world-space diffuse and specular GI for emissives and sky ambient lighting to a single bounce.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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More WIP. Radiance Cascades computing world-space diffuse and specular GI for emissives and sky ambient lighting to a single bounce.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettNov 3
Some WIP. Fake skylight rendered with Radiance Cascades. Only direct lighting here with diffuse + specular GI to a single bounce.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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Some WIP. Fake skylight rendered with Radiance Cascades. Only direct lighting here with diffuse + specular GI to a single bounce.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettSep 21
Noiseless glossy specular global illumination (single bounce) with Radiance Cascades by directly observing the cascade data with a split-sum approximation. No additional rays are traced here, and light transport remains independent of scene complexity and material properties.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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Trying an unpublished method that is energy stable and can handle 1px features without angular undersampling or aliasing in motion.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettSep 9
Fresnel reflectance. Left: U-HRC, right path-traced 4k spp
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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Having both Rayleigh and Mie scattering vary with IOR based on the standard 1976 atmosphere model produces the right image, versus left from before.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettOct 21
Real-time spectral rendering of the atmosphere using Radiance Cascades with rainbows and refraction. Light paths are allowed to bend and create complex dispersion as well as atmospheric lensing.
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Real-time spectral rendering of the atmosphere using Radiance Cascades with rainbows and refraction. Light paths are allowed to bend and create complex dispersion as well as atmospheric lensing.
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettOct 4
Wave Cascades: A wave-optical extension of Radiance Cascades for real-time simulation of Lorenz-Mie scattering and Lorenz-Mie-Fresnel diffraction. Fully spectral Mie LUT is computed in real-time (white=measured, green=computed), and I sample it with UHRC which is fully spectral.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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More direct comparison in RGB against prior works; no spectral rendering or refraction, no aerosols. Hillaire vs Radiance Cascades with anisotropic multiple scattering. Same coefficients computed with ARPC, just higher scattering orders are no longer isotropic like with Hillaire.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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Cody Bennett retweeted
Brian Breiholz (@BrianBreiholz) profile picture
Brian Breiholz
@BrianBreiholzOct 16
New Feature: Dynamic Point Light Shadows on all Torches!
Brian Breiholz (@BrianBreiholz) profile pictureBrian Breiholz
@BrianBreiholzOct 4
Working on a new game. The engine is pulling a lot of weight to make the demo run on Chromebook tier hardware. This scene alone has: - 6 Mil Triangles - More than 400(!) 2k textures - Hundreds of Local Lights & Characters All of this in WebGL2 :)
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Cody Bennett retweeted
Brian Breiholz (@BrianBreiholz) profile picture
Brian Breiholz
@BrianBreiholzOct 4
Working on a new game. The engine is pulling a lot of weight to make the demo run on Chromebook tier hardware. This scene alone has: - 6 Mil Triangles - More than 400(!) 2k textures - Hundreds of Local Lights & Characters All of this in WebGL2 :)
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Finally have bindless as an experiment in Chrome! toji.dev/2026/10/06/webgpu-b…

Experimenting with Bindless Textures in WebGPU

When WebGPU first shipped back in 2023, one of the biggest gaps that it had relative to its native counterparts was that it didn’t support bindless resources. Happily, WebGPU is on the cusp of...

toji.dev
François (@quicksave2k) profile pictureFrançois@quicksave2kOct 7
What's New in WebGPU (Chrome 155-156) is up! ⚡ State less/greater on builtin(frag_depth) to keep Early-Z optimizations 📦 Create compressed textures with unaligned block sizes 🎨 Render to srgb-linear and display-p3-linear color spaces Check developer.chrome.com/blog/ne… for more!
Image from François (@quicksave2k)
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Based on my recent work for real-time Lorenz-Mie scattering and spectral volumetrics, I think it would suit well for atmosphere rendering in the style of Gran Turismo. Has anyone tried recreating their datasets, or better, results, also to compare? Want to try this in real-time.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettMay 29
Replying to @CodyBennett
Mie scattering is wavelength-dependent and varies over altitude and humidity, as described in "Physically Based Real-Time Rendering of Atmospheres using Mie Theory" and Gran Turismo 7 2023 GDC presentation. This phase is nice on the ground but doesn't hold up at higher altitude.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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Wave Cascades: A wave-optical extension of Radiance Cascades for real-time simulation of Lorenz-Mie scattering and Lorenz-Mie-Fresnel diffraction. Fully spectral Mie LUT is computed in real-time (white=measured, green=computed), and I sample it with UHRC which is fully spectral.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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At roughly double the density and half the scattering orders (32).
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettSep 29
Real-time volumetric rendering of clouds with multiple scattering (64 orders) using Radiance Cascades. Demo / U-HRC (64^3) / Path-traced 1k spp
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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Real-time volumetric rendering of clouds with multiple scattering (64 orders) using Radiance Cascades. Demo / U-HRC (64^3) / Path-traced 1k spp
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettSep 28
Trying more complicated scenes. Radiance Cascades does all lighting here: sub-surface scattering, caustics, volumetric multiple scattering (64 orders), and iridescence. Because the simulation is spectral, there is no approximation or fit for thin-film interference or iridescence.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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Trying more complicated scenes. Radiance Cascades does all lighting here: sub-surface scattering, caustics, volumetric multiple scattering (64 orders), and iridescence. Because the simulation is spectral, there is no approximation or fit for thin-film interference or iridescence.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettSep 25
Experimenting with a multi-level cache for high-frequency effects based on my previous work for SPWI surface GI (left). Specular effects like caustics scale in 2D on surfaces. Also researching solutions to angular aliasing and flickering of depth-upscaled probes (right). No TAA.
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Yes, this is (semi) real-time on a mid-range card. This doesn't run well at high res on mobile like my past work. And no, the bubbles should not be casting shadows with surface GI (fixed).
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
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Experimenting with a multi-level cache for high-frequency effects based on my previous work for SPWI surface GI (left). Specular effects like caustics scale in 2D on surfaces. Also researching solutions to angular aliasing and flickering of depth-upscaled probes (right). No TAA.
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettSep 15
An extension of Radiance Cascades global illumination to support complex transmissive and reflective light transport, including diffuse and specular reflection, refraction with dispersion, caustics, and subsurface scattering. Left: U-HRC (32^3), Right: spectral path tracer
Holographic Radiance Cascades in real-time 3D with equal-angle rays (U-HRC) at a dense field density of 32^3. Includes a wax cube with subsurface scattering and colored caustics on the floor, dispersed between yellow and darker orange.

ALT Holographic Radiance Cascades in real-time 3D with equal-angle rays (U-HRC) at a dense field density of 32^3. Includes a wax cube with subsurface scattering and colored caustics on the floor, dispersed between yellow and darker orange.

Spectral path-tracer reference accumulated over an hour. Some chroma noise is still visible. Includes a wax cube with subsurface scattering and colored caustics on the floor, dispersed between yellow and darker orange.

ALT Spectral path-tracer reference accumulated over an hour. Some chroma noise is still visible. Includes a wax cube with subsurface scattering and colored caustics on the floor, dispersed between yellow and darker orange.

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Noiseless glossy specular global illumination (single bounce) with Radiance Cascades by directly observing the cascade data with a split-sum approximation. No additional rays are traced here, and light transport remains independent of scene complexity and material properties.
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Image from Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett)
Cody Bennett (@CodyBennett) profile pictureCody Bennett
@CodyBennettJun 6
Some figures from a presentation I gave on Radiance Cascades recently. Covering the theory, intuition, and implementation in 2D and 3D for GI. Plus notes on future research.
A diagram depicting ray-interval scaling according to coverage and blurriness of a shadow penumbra, where step size increases as shadow detail decreases over distance.

ALT A diagram depicting ray-interval scaling according to coverage and blurriness of a shadow penumbra, where step size increases as shadow detail decreases over distance.

(left) Diagrams depicting multiple cascades with different spatial resolution and angular resolution but constant angular support to maintain the minimum penumbra criterion. (right) diagram overlaying cascades and ray-interval path when merging cascades to get (ir)radiance at a point.

ALT (left) Diagrams depicting multiple cascades with different spatial resolution and angular resolution but constant angular support to maintain the minimum penumbra criterion. (right) diagram overlaying cascades and ray-interval path when merging cascades to get (ir)radiance at a point.

Software BVH based on NVIDIA's "Spatial Splits in Bounding Volume Hierarchies," visualized with a costing heatmap in Sponza.

ALT Software BVH based on NVIDIA's "Spatial Splits in Bounding Volume Hierarchies," visualized with a costing heatmap in Sponza.

Comparison of real-time 3D Radiance Cascades GI SPWI (left) versus path-traced Blender Cycles (right) for emissive direct illumination at a single bounce.

ALT Comparison of real-time 3D Radiance Cascades GI SPWI (left) versus path-traced Blender Cycles (right) for emissive direct illumination at a single bounce.

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An extension of Radiance Cascades global illumination to support complex transmissive and reflective light transport, including diffuse and specular reflection, refraction with dispersion, caustics, and subsurface scattering. Left: U-HRC (32^3), Right: spectral path tracer
Holographic Radiance Cascades in real-time 3D with equal-angle rays (U-HRC) at a dense field density of 32^3. Includes a wax cube with subsurface scattering and colored caustics on the floor, dispersed between yellow and darker orange.

ALT Holographic Radiance Cascades in real-time 3D with equal-angle rays (U-HRC) at a dense field density of 32^3. Includes a wax cube with subsurface scattering and colored caustics on the floor, dispersed between yellow and darker orange.

Spectral path-tracer reference accumulated over an hour. Some chroma noise is still visible. Includes a wax cube with subsurface scattering and colored caustics on the floor, dispersed between yellow and darker orange.

ALT Spectral path-tracer reference accumulated over an hour. Some chroma noise is still visible. Includes a wax cube with subsurface scattering and colored caustics on the floor, dispersed between yellow and darker orange.

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