Massimo Flore (@masflov) header
Massimo Flore (@masflov) profile picture

Strategic analyst on disinformation and hybrid threats | Research on information manipulation and democratic resilience | Speaker | Former @EU_JRC

European Union
Joined January 2018
Photo by Massimo Flore (@masflov)Photo by Massimo Flore (@masflov)Photo by Massimo Flore (@masflov)Photo by Massimo Flore (@masflov)Photo by Massimo Flore (@masflov)Photo by Massimo Flore (@masflov)Photo by Massimo Flore (@masflov)Photo by Massimo Flore (@masflov)Photo by Massimo Flore (@masflov)Photo by Massimo Flore (@masflov)
Read This 👇
Battle over the interpretation of the causes of the riots in France is ongoingin info sphere. Events being exploited in information operations and disinformation. I assess the risk as very high. One of the main narratives is the collapse of the French state. France’s implosion is unlikely but such operations increase destabilization. Russian propagandists and politicians m active, blaming the crisis on severing of energy ties with Russia. Anyway, not the best time for a visit ;)
10
Nihilism is eating democracies.
The biggest, and stupidest, myth in European politics, particularly popular in France, is that Europe suffers the consequences of "austerity" and "neoliberalism". In the biggest 5 countries in Europe, more than half of the population makes its income from the state, less than half from the private sector. This is what makes the problem of reducing the welfare state so impossible: more than half of the voters are net recipients. No surprise that Italy's budget has not been balanced in 100 years, France's in 50 years (ooh la la, l'austérité!!): -France: 30 million from the state versus 21m private sector workers. State spending is 57% of GDP, taxes more than half the economy. The budget hasn't been balanced in the lifetime of most French (since 1974). - Germany: 35 million adults from the state, versus 34 million from the private sector. 10% of the population is registered as severely disabled. Public spending is over half of GDP. Germany has had a continuous budget deficit since 2019. -Italy: 23 million from the state, versus 20.5 million private-sector workers. Public spending is 51% of GDP. Italy has had a budget deficit every year since 1925, for 100 years. - Spain more people get their income from the state since 2024: 18.21 million from the public sector versus 17.9 million people working in the private sector. Since 2025, Spain also had more government employees than self-employed workers (autónomos) for the first time in history. State spending is at 45%, budget has not been balanced since 2007. - UK: 54% of households now receive more in state benefits than they pay in taxes. State spending is 44.5% of GDP, taxes (40%) are at their highest since 1950, the budget hasn't been balanced since 2001, and 1 in 5 new cars is paid by the government through a bizarre state disability scheme (Motability).
20
This 👇
Replying to @samagreene
Europe (and the UK) are not powerless here. They can impose consequences on US companies that take Trump’s sanctions relief as a permission to transact with Russia. And they can refuse to recognize any negotiating process with Russia that is convened by Washington. /6
6
Why I'm not surprised?
EXCLUSIVE: Elon Musk approached Donald Trump with the idea of slowing down Starlink in Ukraine, The Telegraph can reveal. The billionaire tech entrepreneur approached the US president with the proposal to introduce speed limits on the system, which hampered Ukraine’s drone defences, according to four sources familiar with the discussions. 🔗 telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2…
5
Quick recap: Trump’s Iran War is backfiring hard. Gas prices are skyrocketing, the midterms look like a disaster, and now he’s asking Russia for gas while threatening Ukraine for attacking Putin’s refineries. It could get worse. nytimes.com/2026/10/10/world…
1
31
In Russia, una dozzina di astrologi è ospite fisso in TV per parlare di geopolitica e guerra contro l'Ucraina, portando avanti la propaganda di regime. Paradossalmente una situazione migliore di quella italiana. facta.news/articoli/russia-e…
16
Wrapping up a busy #Disinfo2026 in Vilnius, where I presented my research on AI companions and epistemic cocoons. Great discussions on how increasingly personal AI could reshape trust, influence, and our information ecosystems. The best conversations are just getting started.
47
US Ambassador to China David Perdue says in their recent meeting Trump asked President Xi if China wanted to buy weapons systems from the US.
21
There is something very 1914 about this: cavalry, bright uniforms and old doctrine meeting machine guns and industrial firepower. Today the gap is between military systems built around exquisite platforms and a battlefield evolving at software speed.
Interceptors for jet-powered “shaheds” from two companies have already successfully passed combat trials. Enemy “shaheds” were destroyed at high speed. This is a major positive. But we want to see all the test results and determine how this can be accelerated as much as possible and scaled up to mass production. We are in talks with these companies, and contracts are already being signed. I consider this a success. These two examples already give us optimism, a positive outlook, and confidence. But along with confidence and optimism, we also need funding. We will work on this issue. There are some encouraging developments here as well. Yesterday, we spoke with President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen. We will meet in the near future. We are preparing proposals on how to address the funding shortfall. From the press conference with the C8 leaders.
31
Next October, I'll be in Vilnius for the #Disinfo2026. Let's see if Vladimir prepared a surprise visit 🚀 for me. 🥲😑
Vladimir Putin is preparing to escalate his war against Ukraine, which includes attacks on Kyiv’s allies in Europe. Western intelligence officials believe the Russian leader is laying the ground for a “stealth mobilisation” after elections this weekend, in which thousands of Russians could be drafted. 🔗 telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2…
1
29
Threats we are sleeping on as we are focused on marginal issues: - Russia
🇨🇭Switzerland has adopted its new security strategy, and some of the contents are unprecedented. Perhaps this is another signal showing where we all are in current circumstances. I note down some interesting details. The strategy describes a coming European “window of vulnerability” where Europe may still be building up its defence capabilities while being less able to rely fully on US support, as Russia continues to strengthen its war economy. In that period, Russia could intensify hybrid operations and potentially attack further European states. 1. The redefinition of Swiss “neutrality” is unprecedented. It is also unexpected. I will not use the cliché “this is not surprising”, because it kind of is! The broadened “armed attack” framing that takes cyber / hybrid activity seriously and as potential signals towards, or of, an armed attack is compatible with NATO thinking and perhaps motivated by it. The implied logic stands out. If a neighboring state is subject to an armed attack and Switzerland at the same time is a target/victim of hybrid attacks by the same aggressor, this must be taken into account when Switzerland assesses if it is itself under an armed attack. If it reaches that conclusion, Switzerland can respond within the armed conflict, becoming a party to it. Adding the “hybrid attack” ingredient can be read as a modern way of identifying the threshold AND the context (the ultimate decision remains political, true). Still, it is a long road from the Paris Treaty of 1815. 2. The strategy’s signals about reliance on the United States are impossible to miss. The document states quite openly that the United States no longer sees itself as the guarantor of the international order as we knew it or of European security, and that it considers the defence of Europe to be the responsibility of European states. These are issues concerning true control and reliability of hardware and software. The strategy explicitly treats dependencies on foreign suppliers, information systems, cloud infrastructure and AI as a security issue and calls for them to be reduced where possible. The nature of technology and geopolitical changes converge here. 3. The emphasis on the risks of disinformation and influence operations is very very strong, the strategy allocates a lot of space to it. In Switzerland’s case this is naturally strategically coherent although I respectfully disagree that Switzerland faces significant risks of election interference (but it may: e.g. for referendums). Considering the information space as a national security domain in the technical sense (rather than a media domain or a media sense) should be the way forward. I wonder though if the way the response to disinformation is distributed across Swiss institutions would be effective in practice. I doubt it. Interdepartmental teams are proper until they aren’t. I’d say today that they no longer are a good approach. 4. Major omission. The lack of explicit coverage of cognitive operations is an intriguing but evident weakness of the strategy. cms.news.admin.ch/fileservic…
30
US military nearly intercepted a Chinese ship based on false intelligence report generated with AI. We keep talking about “human in the loop.” But what does that mean when data is overwhelming, time is limited, and AI is used to make sense of both? edition.cnn.com/2026/09/18/p…
21
Massimo Flore retweeted
russian hybrid-warfare activity across nato, 2018-2025 - iiss
62
776
73
1,763
193,239
Russia Is testing Europe willingness to defend itself. Are We Ready ? #lipsia
This morning I spoke with Chancellor Merz to discuss the hybrid attack at Leipzig airport. I assured him that the EU stands in full solidarity with Germany in the face of this attack by Russia. We will keep the EU united despite these escalating and serious acts. The German government has taken strong measures. And the message is clear: hybrid attacks will not go without a clear response. We are united in our resolve to stand against Russian aggression. We will deter anyone who seeks to undermine our freedom and security. Russia is seeking to sow distrust and fear among our societies. But it will fail. And we will stand by Ukraine for as long as it takes. I will discuss this topic tomorrow with NATO Secretary General Rutte. And the matter, including additional sanctions, will be prepared by Foreign Ministers at their upcoming meeting under the Irish Presidency.
1
45
Massimo Flore retweeted
This is a fundamental way to how internet works. The mechanics create a second-order effect: age-gating requires verification of every user. Age verification is also (the double effect) a potential new anti-disinformation infrastructure. Every user of a gated service must enter an identity-backed system. Once that layer exists, posting can be limited to verified or identifiable users under the banner of fighting bots, foreign influence, and disinformation. The same infrastructure can be used to restrict also specific posting (e.g. actions, topics, sharing) to verified or identifiable users. This will become technically possible and potentially politically viable.
Ursula von der Leyen confirms a direction in which access to social media will depend on identification via an EU app or an equivalent approved authentication system. Since a platform cannot know in advance who is a child, in practice the verification process will apply to all users, including adults. Von der Leyen acknowledges that public acceptance of such a model will take time. She compares this change to the gradual normalisation of age restrictions on purchasing alcohol, which are now widely regarded as natural. The message is simple: over time, everyone will get used to it. First, the standard is shifted. Then there’s the new normal.
13
47
6
146
7,201
Massimo Flore retweeted
Ursula von der Leyen has confirmed that everyone in the EU will need to use the EU's app for identity authentication before being able to access or post on social media websites. 🇪🇺 As an expert in online child safety, I am here to expose the misinformation and misdirection in von der Leyen's statements. Today von der Leyen said: "This is not about whether children can access social media, it is about whether social media can access our children". 💡The first part is true. This isn't about children. It's about surveillance and combating political dissent. A state that can't control its own citizens is more dangerous than a state rife with criminals. The second part is a PR soundbite that politicians are using like a campaign slogan straight out of 1984. 🇪🇺"The question is no longer if children face risks online, but what can we do to give children a safer start online". 💡No. You can't give children a "safer start" online any more than you can offline. In the offline world, the government doesn't enforce curfews or ban children from entering liquor stores, bars or restaurants. That's a parent's responsibility. The digital world should be no different. 🇪🇺"The age verification app is one of the tools to get it done". 💡This is a contradiction because she also said "It won't be foolproof". 🇪🇺"It's easy to use, it is privacy preserving and it is open source". 💡The app was compromised as soon as it was released. "Privacy-preserving" age verification is an oxymoron. You can't verify a person's age without verifying their identity. Where or how that age is shared afterwards is irrelevant. 🇪🇺"This is basically about putting back the power into the hands of parents". 💡More from 1984. The EU is doing the opposite. Parents are having their authority stripped by politicians who think they know better. Many parents are capable and unaffected by peer pressure, and they know how to use parental controls to block any app classified as 13+. Some teens are safe, their parents trust them, and the state has no business overruling that trust. 🇪🇺"We don't give our children keys to the car before they have their licence" 💡Comparing an app to a car is a false equivalence used to justify mass surveillance. Governments don't decide when a young person is ready for car keys, guardians do. 💡Forcing every adult and child into a biometric checkpoint just to use an app or website is not licensing drivers. It's the state seizing everyone's keys, locking the garage, and forcing every driver to ask a private company for permission to take a drive. 💡 This is a gross, unethical overreach that strips authority from parents while imposing state sanctioned identity verification on every adult who doesn't even have a child. 💡Additionally, people who pass a test, obtain a licence and drive a car aren't forced to use an app to constantly authenticate their suitability to drive. 🇪🇺"We do not let them buy alcohol until they are legally allowed" 💡False equivalence. We don't force every person to show ID at a shopping mall entrance just because a few people might buy alcohol with a meal at a restaurant. Some parents are okay with their 12 year-old going to the mall with friends while others aren't. Either way, it's their choice. Whatever irresponsible decisions some parents might make, every adult in the country shouldn't be forced to pay the price. 🇪🇺"It won't be foolproof" 💡This is all the proof we need to show that the EU and every government know that banning social media for teens won't protect them. When pressed by journalists about VPNs being used to circumvent a ban, politicians always state the ban isn't a silver bullet and will take time. The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan went as far as to say "we know it's not the solution". 💡Either age verification works, or it doesn't. As a technical expert in this space, I can tell you there are no additional steps to take and no progress to be made. Either the approach does what it is supposed to do, or it's not fit for purpose. If they claim a bulletproof solution is coming, it can only mean one thing. They intend to ban or restrict VPNs to people who verify their identity. 🇪🇺"It will take time to invite the cultural change that is already taking shape in our society, just as it took time to outlaw drink driving, just as it took time to use seatbelts in the cars. Great change never happens overnight, but when it comes to our safety it is always worth it". 💡Comparing a social media ban and age verification to seatbelts is a completely broken analogy. Seatbelts are a safety feature that protects children while allowing them to travel in a car. A ban doesn't give kids a seatbelt. It kicks them out of the car entirely. 💡Instead of supporting parents who want to guide their own children through the digital world, this heavy-handed law strips away parental authority by banning the apps and websites that many parents are perfectly fine with and actively monitor. 💡Furthermore, enforcing these bans requires biometric age verification, which means forcing millions of adult citizens to scan their IDs, faces or credit cards just to browse the internet. That isn't a common-sense traffic law. 💡It's a digital checkpoint on every street. True safety means teaching kids how to navigate the digital world safely with real guardrails and parental guidance, not burning down digital spaces for everyone under the guise of protection. 🇪🇺☠️ The EU wants to ban teens from social media so every person is forced to verify their identity before they can read, share or post anything online. In their words, this is to protect children from dangerous content. 🇪🇺☠️ The EU wants to enforce "Chat Control" so every app has to monitor everything people say privately inside it, including apps with end-to-end encryption. In their words, this is to protect children from dangerous criminals. 💡Where this ends 🇪🇺 "If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face - forever". George Orwell, 1984.
616
3,632
644
8,934
1,277,043
Volete farvi un giro fra complottismo da osteria e antisemitismo sempre più mostrato con orgoglio? Fatevi un giro tra i commenti di questa notizia di cronaca. Uno spaccato dell'Italia peggiore. repubblica.it/cultura/2026/0…
15
Slavoj Žižek ha spiegato che l'Occidente continua a guardare alla Russia attraverso il prestigio della sua grande cultura e l'idea romantica della "profondità della sua anima". Questo produce una riluttanza a riconoscerne l'imperialismo e i crimini. Ottimo pezzo qui 👇
Oggi su Review (@ilfoglio_it) il mio articolo su Westsplaining e la Russia: due film a confronto - Il Mago del Cremlino e Mr. Nobody Against Putin @IAIonline
1
2
18
966
Massimo Flore retweeted
Taken from the window
95
231
15
2,562
82,838
The most concerning part of Russia's aggression toward 🇪🇺 Europe is the risk that more pro-Russian parties could come to power in key European nations next year. How do we protect ourselves from this threat?
8