Pressure-Volume Loop #1: Preload and Compliance 👉The PV loop illustrates ventricular pressure-volume changes during filling, isovolumetric contraction, ejection, and relaxation. 👉Increased preload shifts end-diastolic volume rightward, increasing stroke volume through the Frank-Starling mechanism. 👉Reduced ventricular compliance shifts the EDPVR upward, increasing filling pressure at a given end-diastolic volume.

Tricuspid Atresia: Surgical Palliation and Staged Fontan Circulation 👉Initial palliation balances Qp/Qs: PGE1, ductal stenting, or SP-shunt for low PBF; PA banding for excessive PBF. 👉In Type II TA, restrictive VSD/BVF causes subaortic obstruction, potentially requiring ASO, DKS, or Norwood-type repair. 👉The Glenn reduces ventricular volume load, while Fontan completion requires low PVR, adequate preload, and unobstructed pathways.

Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum (PA-IVS)—Pulmonary and Coronary Circulation🫀 👉Pulmonary blood flow is initially ductal-dependent, and RV decompression may establish antegrade RV–PA flow; however, in RV-dependent coronary circulation (RVDCC), decompression can precipitate myocardial ischemia.

D/d: 5Ts. then, murmur, X-ray, and Echo.

Tricuspid Atresia: Anatomy, Great Artery Relationships, and Hemodynamics 👉Tricuspid atresia lacks an RA–RV connection, making interatrial communication essential for systemic venous return. 👉Type I (NGA): The LV supplies systemic flow; pulmonary blood flow depends on VSD size, PS/PA, and ductal patency. 👉Type II (TGA): The LV ejects into the PA; systemic output depends on the VSD/BVF and RV outflow tract patency.

Pericardial Anatomy — Series: #1–2 👉The pericardium consists of fibrous and serous layers surrounding the heart, with a potential pericardial cavity between the parietal and visceral serous layers. 👉Posterior pericardial reflections form the transverse and oblique sinuses and define important surgical pathways around the great vessels and pulmonary veins. ↓ Full series below