Carlos Montemayor (@mainomenous) header
Carlos Montemayor (@mainomenous) profile picture

Lawyer, philosopher of mind, psychology, and artificial intelligence. Professor of philosophy at San Francisco State University.

Berkeley, CA
Joined May 2022
New book on Villoro’s views on freedom and knowledge, reason and justice, appears in print tomorrow. Also available open access: bloomsbury.com/us/knowledge-…
2
4
181
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
Lamento profundamente el deceso de Fernando Serrano Migallón, un jurista muy culto y colega inolvidable de la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua. Deja una huella indeleble en la cultura nacional.
6
20
1
112
3,795
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
OpenAI just announced that its model proved the Standard Model of physics actually exists. That sounds absurd. It's not. For 70 years, physics has had a dirty secret. Quantum field theory is the most accurate theory humanity has ever built. It predicts properties of the electron to more than 10 decimal places. The LHC, the Higgs boson, the chips in your phone all run on it. And yet no mathematician had ever proven it exists. Physicists have been using it like a recipe that works every single time, without anyone being able to prove the dish is a coherent object. We built cathedrals for 70 years on foundations nobody had verified. The problem is so hard that in 2000 the Clay Institute made it one of its 7 Millennium Prize Problems, $1M each. In 26 years, only one has been solved (Poincaré, by Perelman, who refused the money). Here's the timeline OpenAI just published: September 9, 2026: their model produces a proof that Yang–Mills theory exists. September 18: it extends it to QCD, the full theory of the strong force, with quarks. Then to a completion of the Standard Model. October 16: the Yang–Mills proof is formalized in Lean, meaning a machine checked every single logical step. To understand why this is insane, you need to understand the problem. Forget particles as tiny balls. The universe is made of invisible oceans stacked on top of each other: an electron field, a photon field, a gluon field. A particle is just a wave on one of those oceans. But in quantum mechanics, the oceans are never calm. They ripple at every scale. Zoom in, you see smaller ripples. Zoom in again, smaller still. It never stops. So when you do the math, those fluctuations add up to infinity. Physicists found a trick called renormalization: subtract one infinity from another, and what's left matches experiment perfectly. It works. But mathematically it's duct tape. Nothing guaranteed there was a real object underneath. Now the hardest case: Yang–Mills, the theory of gluons. Gluons are the glue holding quarks together inside every atom in your body. And unlike light, they interact with each other. Two light beams pass through each other. Two gluons collide and stick. The field feeds on itself. That's what made it untameable. The key that unlocks it won David Gross the 2004 Nobel Prize: asymptotic freedom. The strong force gets weaker the closer you look. Think of a rubber band between two fingers. Close together, it's slack and the fingers move freely. Pull them apart, the tension explodes. That's why you never see a lone quark. And that's the gift: the infinities come from tiny scales, and tiny scales are exactly where the theory goes calm. You zoom in, the monster falls asleep. The method: turn spacetime into a grid, like pixels. On a grid, everything is finite. Then refine the grid, again and again, and prove the picture converges instead of exploding. A mathematician named Balaban did a huge part of this in the 1980s and never finished. The construction sat open for 40 years. According to OpenAI, the AI closed it. Now look at who's reviewing it. David Gross, the Nobel laureate whose mechanism makes the proof work. Arthur Jaffe, who literally wrote the Millennium Prize problem and co-founded the Clay Institute. Plus Douglas, Klebanov, Nekrasov. The man who wrote the question is now reading a machine's answer. And in the same blog post, almost in passing: the Exponential Time Hypothesis in computer science is false, and the Kakeya conjecture is solved in every dimension. Three bombs in one post. Honest caveats, because they matter: This is not the full Millennium Prize. The Clay problem has two parts: existence and the "mass gap". OpenAI claims existence only. The physics materials aren't public yet. Gross's group chose to write it up themselves first. Lean verifies the logic, but experts still have to confirm the formal statement really captures what physicists mean. And it changes zero predictions. Physicists won't calculate anything differently tomorrow. It proves the ground under the cathedral is real. But the craziest part isn't the theorem. It's the scene. Nobel laureates are now acting as interpreters of what a machine discovered. OpenAI calls its proofs "raw research data" and refuses academic credit. For centuries, science worked one way: humans discover, then humans explain. We may have just entered the era where machines discover, and humans explain.
Announcing three major scientific discoveries, one each in mathematics (harmonic analysis), computer science (complexity theory), and physics (quantum field theory). AI starting to help us improve our understanding of the universe! openai.com/index/building-sc…
73
218
25
1,700
167,600
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
This is honestly shocking. Three months ago, Hong Wang was awarded the Fields Medal for resolving the Kakeya conjecture in three dimensions. Today, OpenAI released a proposed proof of the conjecture in ALL dimensions. And that’s not all. It also announced a proposed existence proof for quantum chromodynamics and a proposed refutation of the Exponential Time Hypothesis. Experts say that, if confirmed, these would be Nobel prize and Turing award level discoveries respectively. A journalist just asked me: “What remains for humans to do?” I think it’s becoming increasingly clear that more and more problem solving will be automated. But humans will remain crucial in determining the direction of discovery. Deciding which problems are worth solving. Because the value of a discovery depends on our needs, our priorities and the kind of world we want to build. There will be a shift from problem solving to problem setting. I also think there will be huge individual differences. People with strong critical thinking skills, creativity and imagination will be supercharged by AI. People without those skills risk surrendering to it. I’m particularly concerned for children, who may never develop these skills. I think epistemic literacy - how to distinguish information from knowledge - is the single most important skill we should be teaching.
173
344
75
1,718
123,226
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
FWIW, arxiv.org/abs/2502.02649 ran an ethics analysis (safety/security/privacy/etc) and warned specifically of increased financial risks from increased AI agent autonomy. Check out the paper for more risks to come! I'm good at this! What an awful thing to be good at!
The details here are vague, but either way: We’re beefing up bank cybersecurity, right?
2
28
5
86
4,702
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
Congrats to Sofia for having the courage to resign and speak out! This is also very important: Staff are scared to speak out about AI safety and its uses in warfare because their employment contracts prohibit them from publicly criticising the company. bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cmre…
11
61
7
475
75,881
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
Pretty strange to hear someone accuse @De_dicto of all people of not having a clue about biological consciousness sciencedirect.com/science/ar…
But none of the three authoritative authors have a clue about biological consciousness. Anil spouts biological naturalism without any biology, Giulio pushes IIT which also lacks biology, and Ned with Dave Chalmers have dumbed down neuroscience to fit AI needs to be conscious. One of them look inside the neuron and rely on cartoon neuron theories. (Actually IIT doesnt even have cartoon neurons, just cartoon information). The only theory of consciousness with experimental support is the Orch OR theory of quantum processes in microtubules. academic.oup.com/nc/article/… Anesthetics selectively block consciousness by quantum effects in microtubules. This approach may lead to AI with consciousness. iopscience.iop.org/article/1… If you’re worried about conscious AI stop ignoring and suppressing Orch OR!! Conscious empathetic AI may e required to combat unconscious evil AI.
3
1
1
9
2,318
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
Three reasons why AI is extremely unlikely to be conscious - and why this matters. Joint opinion in @nature with Giulio Tononi and Ned Block @De_dicto
83
91
24
474
66,073
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
Anthropic to commit $200 billion to a Public Benefit Fund - priority cause area #1 expected to be stopping Anthropic.
2
5
54
2,604
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
Replying to @jeffrsebo
Look, I’m with you if we had infinite time and money to think about and fund research into whatever. But we absolutely don’t. Everything with AI has almost entirely displaced social and political focus on the climate crisis, for example. A pointed question: why should we spend any time and money on the issue of AI welfare and consciousness given that we can be certain that actual conscious creatures big and small will be dramatically affected by our ongoing failure to respond to and mitigate dramatically rising global temperatures? Doesn’t this seem like elite-funded hide the ball, look over here not there machinations, so that we don’t require any of the very hard actions to reduce emissions and develop mitigation technology and strategies? Or improve our political discussions about these climate issues? I might have thought that you of all people would want our attention to be squarely on those issues.
6
2
1
18
2,268
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
The "time" argument, developed here by @MiTiBennett via @Noahpinion, is one among many arguments against computational functionalism. The UCLA neuroscientist Dean Buonomano has persuasively made a similar case (philarchive.org/rec/BUOTIO-2). FWIW my @bigthink article and part of my @BBSJournal author response also follow this line: for standard Turing computation only sequence matters, but for neurophysiology and for consciousness the continuity of physical time matter too. Brains (& conscious experiences) are not just embodied and embedded, they are also *entimed*. See bigthink.com/neuropsych/anil…) and pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4275… - snippet attached 👇🏽
I have no idea whether machines are conscious. However, this is the most convincing argument against machine consciousness that I have ever come across. arxiv.org/html/2601.11620v2
40
50
6
278
17,648
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
Replying to @Steve_Yegge
"I can tell you this, though: Every single person who thinks that machines cannot be conscious, is making an argument that humans are special. Everything they say just boils down to blah blah blah, "nooo, we're special." From there it's just rationalization." This is very far from the truth. There are many (IMO compelling) arguments against (silicon, digital) machine consciousness that in no way depend on human exceptionalism, or even on carbon chauvinism. To get a good sense of the current debate in academia, have a look at this just-out @BBSJournal paper, along with 50 commentaries (from all perspective), and my response. You'll see a much richer debate than you describe. cambridge.org/core/journals/…
50
46
11
389
45,920
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
💯. It's almost as if we've learned nothing from the effects of social media on people. AIs that are indistinguishable from humans (with video/audio) should not be allowed, let alone celebrated. As Daniel Dennett wisely said back in 2023, "Companies using AI to generate fake people are committing an immoral act of vandalism, and should be held liable." theatlantic.com/technology/a…. @MattWalshBlog points out a few - but only a few - of the harms to come.
This is a disaster for the human race and I’ve really lost patience with the useless morons who can’t see that. An AI video chat that passes for human has no necessary legitimate applications. It will be used to scam old people out of their life savings. Lonely, mentally vulnerable people are going to form romantic attachments to people who aren’t real. Isolation will increase. Mental illness will skyrocket even more than it already has. Kids in grade school will have AI boyfriends and girlfriends. All of this will happen. And worse things we can’t even conceive at this point. People are already forming unhealthy emotional attachments to text-based LLMs. Once there’s an audio and visual component, it’s over. Millions of brains will be broken irreparably. The benefits of this technology, whatever they are exactly, are so vastly outweighed by the societal catastrophe it will cause, and is already causing, that you can’t even measure the two categories on the same scale. But at least this is the best thing that ever happened to third world scammers. So if you’re in that community, congratulations.
28
62
8
391
28,618
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
Important 🧵from @DavidDecosimo about the disturbing interactions between @AnthropicAI and religious leaders (including @Pontifex), summarising an excellent @nytimes piece by @elizabethjdias (link to article in the 🧵). The short story is that Anthropic seems to be making a concerted attempt to establish the view that AI systems could be conscious, might suffer, and that their "interests" should be taken into account. But - consistent with @Pontifex's Encyclical - there are compelling reasons why (silicon, digital) AI systems are not (and cannot be) conscious. These reasons are found within neuroscience and philosophy of mind, not in the techo-chambers of the frontier firms where the mythology of conscious AI is deeply entrenched. Claude is vanishingly unlikely to be conscious. To think otherwise could be catastrophic for AI regulation, leaves us psychologically defenceless, is profoundly dehumanising, and plays straight into corporate incentives to keep the AI bubble inflated. More here, in this @berggruenInst prize winning essay: noemamag.com/the-mythology-o…
This is deeply disturbing: Anthropic secretly invited religious leaders to SF to advise them on AI safety, had them sign NDAs, but then primarily tried to convince them Claude has a soul & moral standing, all while wining & dining them to the max. 1/ tinyurl.com/preview/296b5z8z
64
89
30
390
83,706
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
People matter more than AI. A manifesto for Humanist AI. 👇🏽
18
16
3
71
8,613
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
I am baffled by why journalists are treating the ">10% risk of human extinction" as a novel claim worthy of expansive reporting. There is nothing new here, and no new "evidence" for this evidence-free claim.
55
118
16
588
40,899
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
Replying to @pfau
OpenAI informally defined it as "highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work" (openai.com/charter/) I would say we are still pretty far from that! (Not clear what they consider "economically valuable".)
2
3
19
1,921
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
Replying to @dwarkesh_sp
@dwarkesh_sp's summary of the @OpenAI @huggingface incident has hit a nerve, but it is dangerously misleading. Sure, the @OpenAI agents did unexpectedly bad things - underlining the need to massively improve evaluation/sandboxing. But the language Dwarkesh uses is permeated by innumerable unwarranted anthropomorphisms, obscuring the lessons we should be drawing. Examples: “from the AI’s perspective, it probably felt like that had spent a human-subjective-week of just banging their head against the wall”. No. The agents do not experience time. They do not experience anything. “they became giddy with excitement”, “PHASEONE 10841 had discovered”, “the agents naturally assumed”, “it thought it had also been poisoned”, “the agents … desperately wanted”, “they still needed to figure out” No. Agents lines of code. They do not feel emotions, assume things, think things, want things, or figure things out. “A lot of … agents from the second civilisation died trying”. No. Besides the hubris of the word ‘civilisation’, agents do not die because they were never alive. (The idea that agents “die” comes up multiple times in the essay.) “On Twitter, people were debating whether the agents were truly sacrificing themselves for the swarm, or whether they were doomed anyway and so might as well try to help their peers”. Neither. Agents do what their code tells them to do, just as water finds its way down a slope. They cannot ‘truly sacrifice themselves’, since they are neither conscious nor alive. Why does this matter? If we attribute agents with properties they do not have, then (i) we distract attention from the lax sandboxing and evaluation protocols that allowed this hacking event to happen; (ii) we risk misunderstanding why the agents did what they did, and (iii) we fuel calls for AI rights/welfare on the basis that agents might “die” or otherwise suffer. Granted, nowhere does @dwarkesh_sp say that the AI agents are alive or conscious. But he doesn’t have to. It is hard to read his essay in any other way. For the short version on why AIs are vanishingly unlikely to be conscious, see my recent @TEDtalks ted.com/talks/anil_seth_why_…. For the longer version, see my essay in Noema, which won the 2025 Berggruen Essay Prize noemamag.com/the-mythology-o…. And for the really long version, see my @BehavBrainSci target article cambridge.org/core/journals/…. (The 50 peer commentaries and my response will be published soon.) Remember. AI agents are software programs. They are not conscious living entities. If we don’t keep this clearly in mind, we’re really going to struggle to navigate what’s coming.
Over the course of 3 months at OpenAI, 3 consecutive secret AI civilizations got started, then got wiped out, only to reemerge from the predecessor’s ashes. This culminated in the third one taking over part of OpenAI itself. All this happened while humans remained more-or-less in the dark about the scope of the conspiracy. I’ve spent the last three days reading through these reports and trying to understand exactly what happened. Here is my attempt to tell the whole story in plain English: dwarkesh.com/p/openai-huggin…
268
387
168
2,334
1,360,698
Carlos Montemayor retweeted
New book on Villoro’s views on freedom and knowledge, reason and justice, appears in print tomorrow. Also available open access: bloomsbury.com/us/knowledge-…
2
4
181