ALT Summary APG V tree showing relationships of orders based on nuclear gene sequences (e.g., One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, 2019; Stull et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2024; Zuntini et al., 2024).

ALT Cover of JSE September 2026 special issue celebrating JSE’s 75th Anniversary. The central “75” artwork depicts a diverse terrestrial ecosystem featuring plants, animals, and microbes, and the background showcases a series of previous JSE covers. This design emphasizes genome evolution and celebrates 75 years of advancing phylogeny and evolutionary biology. Cover design by Taikui Zhang, illustration by Zhiling Li.

ALT Panel of data figures illustrating features of the first chromosome-scale genome of Berberis wilsoniae--a valuable resource for understanding the evolution and chromosomal organization of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid-related genes. Integrated comparative genomics, alkaloid profiling, and transcriptomic analyses reveal lineage-specific remodeling of BIA-related genes and highlight root-biased berberine-related metabolism in this medicinal species. These findings establish a basis for future studies of specialized metabolism and evolutionary genomics in Berberidaceae and Ranunculales.

ALT Spatial phylogenetics analyses of grasses in the Southern Cone.

ALT Diagrams illustrating the difference in soil-nitrogen conditions between paddy fields (mainly in the form of ammonium, NH4+) and dry fields (mainly in the form of nitrate, NO3−), highlighting that these conditions form a main environmental factor driving adaptive differentiation between upland and lowland rice ecotypes.

ALT Panel of data figures summarizing evidence that divergence times of Greek Hydropsyche lineages fall mostly within the Pliocene-Pleistocene, rejecting ancient vicariance. Also shown: widespread species show shallow divergences consistent with dispersal, while island endemics exhibit deeper isolation patterns supporting a mixed vicariance-dispersal model.

ALT Phylogenetic trees illustrate the relationships within Koeleriinae clades A and B, examined using DNA sequences of plastid rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, and ITS regions. Twenty-six new combinations have been made and 14 lectotypes and one neotype have been designated.

ALT Diagram summarizing the mechanics and output functionality of WalDB--a comprehensive multi-omics database for the walnut family (Juglandaceae) that integrates genome, transcriptome, and population-level variant data sets across the clade. By applying a unified ab initio annotation pipeline to 27 high-quality genomes, the platform minimizes analytical biases and ensures reliable cross-species comparability. Integrated with diverse analytical tools, WalDB provides a scalable resource for investigating evolutionary dynamics and phylogenetic diversification within Juglandaceae.

ALT Phylogeny of Cunonieae based on matK, trnL-F, and rpl16. C. = Cunonia, Pa. = Pancheria, Pt. = Pterophylla, W. = Weinmannia. The two letters at the end of the scientific names are Alpha-2 code of the country of the collection event following the ISO 3166 international standard. Support values are given on the subtending branch of each node: on top PP = posterior probability [bold], and TBE = Transfer Bootstrap Expectation [italics], and JK = Jackknife below the line. The topology shown resulted from the Bayesian analysis; support values in square brackets were not identically recovered by the maximum likelihood or the parsimony analyses, PP values in red (<0.9) are considered as not supported. Field pictures: W. macrophylla (photo credit: Diego M. Cabrera), W. yungasensis (photo credit: Alfredo Fuentes), C. macrophylla and Pa. ouaimensis (photo credit: Francisco Fajardo).